Methodology of scientific knowledge and creativity

Doklady Bashkirskogo Universiteta. 2017. Volume 2. No. 5. pp. 831-839.

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The article is devoted to topical issues of philosophy and methodology of science. A great place in it is the question of the universal scientific method, which is considered from the point of view of recognizing the creative nature of scientific thinking and the striving of science to increase innovation. The article gives an idea of the methodology of science and provides a classification of methods used in scientific knowledge. The author distinguishes the following methods: philosophical, general scientific, empirical, theoretical, private-science (special), and also interdisciplinary. Specific features and main tasks of the modern methodology of science are determined. It is noted that in modern philosophy the issues of scientific creativity are investigated mainly in the framework of the methodology of scientific knowledge and cognitive science. A brief description of the creative aspect of scientific knowledge and a classical understanding of the stages of scientific (mathematical) creativity according to Hadamard are given. The main conclusions are formed in the conclusion, the essence of which is to deny the possibility of creating a universal scientific method that is equally effectively used to solve any problems of scientific research.