Lunar calendar on a marmot bone and a clay cup, lunar-solar calendar and constellations on the wall of the Shulgan-Tash cave (decoding the language signs and numbers)

Doklady Bashkirskogo Universiteta. 2025. Volume 10. No. 1. pp. 96-114.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33184/dokbsu-2025.1.11

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The article presents the results of decoding the drawings and signs of the Shulgan-Tash cave. It is proven that the “Lattice” panel in the Dome Hall is an ancient star map and a lunisolar calendar. The drawing of a cow is the constellation Taurus symbolizing spring. It is substantiated that the figures to the right of Taurus are the constellations Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Scorpio. The useof the calculation of the period of precession of the earth's axis made it possible to establish the age of the drawings and signs on the wall of the Dome Hall: 30 000 BC.It was established that the Cro-Magnon performed arithmetic counting in the form of numerical groupings from 10, 20, 30 and further to 100, 200, 300. The use of the author's method of deciphering numbers made it possible to establish that the notches on the marmot bone from the Dome Halland on the clay cup from the Hall of Signs are calendars of the lunar year (355 days). The “Lattice” sign has 10 crescent-shaped and 2 straight vertical lines, a total of 12. They are crossed by two horizontal lines, which form three groupings of 120, a total of 360 days.